SpaceX's Crew Dragon Endeavour spacecraft splashes down in the Gulf of Mexico with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley onboard on August 2, 2020.
NASA TV
SpaceX safely returned NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to Earth on Sunday afternoon, concluding a two month test that was historic for both the company and agency.
The company's Crew Dragon spacecraft splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico near Pensacola, Florida. The astronauts will be recovered by a SpaceX boat as planned in the next hour.
Known as Demo-2, the mission represented the first time Elon Musk's company has sent astronauts to space — making SpaceX the first private company to send people to orbit, a feat only previously achieved by government superpowers. For NASA it marks the return of the United States' capability to launch its own astronauts, which the country has lacked since the Space Shuttle program ended nearly a decade ago. NASA intends to launch its astronauts on SpaceX spacecraft every few months going forward, paying an estimated $55 million per seat.
"It's really establishing the business model for the future," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said during the agency's webcast on Sunday. "It's the next era in human spaceflight, where NASA gets to be the customer."
The Demo-2 mission marks the final test after SpaceX has spent years developing the Crew Dragon capsule. NASA has awarded SpaceX with $3.1 billion to develop the spacecraft, as well as launch six operational missions. The agency also awarded Boeing with contracts worth $4.8 billion to developing a spacecraft called Starliner, although that competing capsule remains in development due to a failed flight test last December.
President Donald Trump tweeted his congratulations shortly after the capsule splashed down.
NASA expects to spent about six weeks reviewing the data from Demo-2 before it moves forward with the first operational mission, planned for late September.
Recovery after splashdown
A SpaceX recovery ship
Endeavour endured temperatures as high as 3,500 degrees Fahrenheit during the intense reentry through the Earth's atmosphere — although inside Crew Dragon temperatures did not reach more than 85 degrees, thanks to the spacecraft's dense heat shield.
The spacecraft splashed down gently in the ocean thanks to its set of parachutes. Notably, Demo-2 marks the first splashdown in 45 years for NASA astronauts, as well as the first splashdown of a crew spacecraft in the Gulf of Mexico.
NASA says that it will take about an hour from splashdown until Bob and Doug get out of the capsule.
Shortly after splashdown a set of small boats go out to the capsule to secure it for recovery. One of the boats will retrieve the parachutes from the water, while the other will check the exterior of Crew Dragon for any potentially dangerous leaks. Then SpaceX recovery ship GO Navigator will use a crane to lift the spacecraft out of the water and on to its deck. GO Navigator has a support crew of about 40 NASA and SpaceX personnel onboard, each with specific roles during recovery.
Behnken and Hurley will stay seated during this process, with Endeavour's hatch closed. After they get out of the spacecraft, a helicopter will carry Behnken and Hurley back to shore, taking off from the helipad on the ship's upper deck.
What they did
(COMBO) This combination of pictures created on May 30, 2020 shows A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft lifts off from launch complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 30, 2020.
Gregg Newton | AFP | Getty Images
Behnken and Hurley launched atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on May 30, with the Crew Dragon spacecraft reaching the International Space Station the next day. The pair spent 63 days at the space station, where they tested out the SpaceX capsule's systems and features. Behnken and Hurley dubbed the spacecraft "Endeavour" — a name shared by the Space Shuttle orbiter, which both astronauts had flown on before, as well as the command module of the Apollo 15 mission.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company's Crew Dragon spacecraft is launched on the Demo-2 mission with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard.
NASA/Bill Ingalls
Part of the testing of Crew Dragon while docked with the space station was a habitability test. That was to ensure four astronauts can perform necessary tasks when they are all inside the spacecraft.
SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft docks with the International Space Station on May 30, 2020.
NASA
Endeavour departed the space station on Saturday evening while in orbit above South Africa.
Next mission in late September
Assuming the data reviews from Demo-2 do not show up any major issues, NASA plans to launch the SpaceX Crew-1 mission in late September. That will be the first operational mission of SpaceX's Crew Dragon and will carry NASA astronauts Mike Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi, the first four person crew.
From left to right, NASA astronauts Shannon Walker, Victor Glover, Mike Hopkins and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi.
NASA
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